Yellow fever (YF) is an acute infectious febrile disease, non-contagious, caused by the Yellow Fever virus (YFV). YF is endemic in the Amazon region. Besides, occasional epizootics and/or epidemics are recorded in the Extra-Amazon region. It is transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes vectors and has two transmission cycles, the wild (rural or forest area, main vectors: Haemagogus spp. and Sabethes spp.) and the urban (main vector: Aedes aegypti).

In a context of the increasing prevalence of high recent numbers of cases of YF in Brazilian regions where vaccination was not recommended, researchers from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), the University of Brasilia (UnB), the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), the State University of Santa Cruz (UESC) and the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of the Norte of Minas Gerais (IFNMG), in addition to the State Secretary of Health of Rio Grande do Sul (SES/RS) approved a project along with the CNPq (Chamada CNPq/MS-SCTIE-Decit Nº 22/2019) that proposes the surveillance of the YFV in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Minas Gerais (MG), Tocantins (TO), Bahia (BA) and the Federal District (DF).

The project, which is called “Use of genetic, mathematical and technological tools to evaluate the risk of transmission and strengthen the surveillance of YFV in the five Brazilian regions”, will be nicknamed Projeto Febre Amarela BR and on this site, we will publish news, results, and publications of the project.

The Projeto Febre Amarela BR was divided into five subprojects (see infographic below):

• Subproject 1: “Collection of blood samples from PNHs and mosquitoes in peri-urban areas of Rio Grande do Sul”;

• Subproject 2: “Collection of blood samples from PNHs and mosquitoes in peri-urban areas in the southern region of the Bahia”;

• Subproject 3: “Collection of wild and peri-urban mosquitoes and surveillance of PNHs through mobile phone applications in Minas Gerais”;

• Subproject 4: “Collection of samples of mosquitoes in the southern region of the Tocantins and the Federal District”;

• Subproject 5: "Risk analysis and prediction of the dispersion of the YFV in the states sampled".